Issue I, Volume 1
Issue 2, Volume 1
Issue 3, Volume 1

• Gas Chromatograph:
  Shimadzu GC-2010
• Automatic Injection System:
  Shimadzu AOC-20i
• Data System:
  PeakSimple Model 203
• Capillary Column:
  Restek Rtx-1 PONA, 100m x 0.25mm i.d., 0.5µm film
• Temperature Program:
  35°C (hold 12 minutes), 30°C /min. temperature ramp to 250°C (hold 19 minutes)

Ethanol is a clean-burning, high-octane fuel that is produced from renewable sources. At its most basic, ethanol is grain alcohol, produced from crops such as corn. Because it is domestically produced, ethanol helps reduce America's dependence upon foreign sources of energy.

Pure, 100% ethanol is not generally used as a motor fuel; instead, a percentage of ethanol is combined with unleaded gasoline. This is beneficial because the ethanol:

• decreases the fuel's cost
• increases the fuel's octane rating
• decreases gasoline's harmful emissions

Any amount of ethanol can be combined with gasoline, but the most common blends are:

E10 - 10% ethanol and 90% unleaded gasoline
E10 is approved for use in any make or model of vehicle sold in the U.S. Many automakers recommend its use because of its high performance and clean-burning characteristics. In 2004, about one-third of America's gasoline was blended with ethanol, most in this 10% variety.

E85 - 85% ethanol and 15% unleaded gasoline
E85 is an alternative fuel for use in flexible fuel vehicles (FFVs). There are currently more than 4 million FFVs on America's roads today, and automakers are rolling out more each year. In conjunction with more flexible fuel vehicles, more E85 pumps are being installed across the country. When E85 is not available, these FFVs can operate on straight gasoline or any ethanol blend up to 85%.

-To prevent an increase in retention times in your chromatography, replace the septum daily.

-For improved performance and better results, always degass your solvents.

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